Tuesday, March 27, 2018

SHUNT CAPACITORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Shunt Capacitors have a few uses in the electric power frameworks. They are used as wellsprings of responsive power by interfacing them in line-to-unbiased. Electric utilities have additionally associated capacitors in arrangement with long queues to lessen its impedance. 

This is especially basic in the transmission level, where the lines have length in a few several kilometers. Nonetheless, this post will for the most part examine shunt capacitors. 

Shunt Capacitors are generally called "control factor adjustment capacitors," despite the fact that they likewise serve different capacities and give numerous advantages, which will be talked about in the succeeding passages. Likewise, they are utilized at all voltage levels from end-client usage to additional high voltages. 

Shunt Capacitors, either at the client area for control factor amendment or on the conveyance framework for voltage control, significantly modify the framework impedance variety with recurrence. Capacitors don't make music, yet extreme consonant twisting can once in a while be ascribed to their essence. 

Shunt Capacitors toward the finish of a feeder brings about a steady change in voltage along the feeder. In a perfect world, the percent voltage ascend at the capacitor would be zero at no heap and ascend to greatest at full load. In any case, with shunt capacitors, percent voltage rise is basically autonomous of load. 


Along these lines, programmed exchanging is regularly utilized so as to convey the coveted direction at high loads, yet avert exorbitant voltage at low loads. In addition, capacitor exchanging may bring about transient over voltages inside client offices. 

Applications 

Utilities utilize shunt capacitors at dissemination and usage voltages to give responsive power close to the inductive burdens that require it. 

This decreases the aggregate current streaming on the dissemination feeder, which enhances the voltage profile along the feeder, liberates extra feeder limit, and lessens misfortunes. 

Truth be told, substation transformers encounter bring down loading when utilities introduce adequate capacitors on the appropriation framework. 

The lessened loading not just enhance possibility exchanging choices on the dispersion framework, yet in addition broaden gear life and concede costly increments to the framework. 

At the transmission and sub transmission levels (69 kV or more), shunt capacitors increment the power exchange ability of a transmission framework without requiring new lines or bigger conductors. 

The long lead-time, issues related with transmission line development and high cost have driven most utilities to utilize high voltage capacitors more oftentimes than any time in recent memory. 

High voltage Shunt Capacitors likewise bolster the transmission framework voltage, which is regularly essential when the transmission matrix is pushed to and maybe past its plan constrains because of open access to the lattice and diminished capital spending on organize redesigns. 

Since the capacitors create responsive power (VARs), generators never again need to deliver to such an extent, empowering them to work at higher power factors and deliver all the more genuine power (watts). 

Likewise, less VARs transported through the transmission framework discharge extra limit on the lines, as well as decreases framework misfortunes by diminishing the aggregate current streaming on the lines. 

Shunt Capacitors likewise somewhat increment transmission transport working voltages. As the transmission voltage increments, less present is important to supply a run of the mill stack, so transmission misfortunes diminish once more.

Sunday, March 25, 2018

Topographical Information Based Expert System to Estimate Submersible Capacitor Pump System Specifications


Amid recent decades, groundwater use has expanded immensely in the province of Punjab (India) especially for agribusiness purposes. Higher vitality interest for lifting water is an aftereffect of decrease in water table. Punjab is by and by confronting water emergencies which irritate money related states of little ranchers, repeal the normal esteem and horribly impact cultivating age and economy of the state.

In this examination, a specialist framework was created utilizing Java Standard Edition 7 which give proper choice of Submersible Capacitor set and required related segments, for example, influence link rating and size, generator limit, ammeter rating, voltmeter rating, capacitor rating and Polyvinyl Chloride pipe breadth in view of the spatial data of most recent 18 years (1998-2015) of ground water table for the province of Punjab. The created framework will be advantageous for the rancher's in estimation of the required Submersible Capacitor pumping framework and united electrical parts.

Catchphrases:


Presentation

Groundwater drawing in the rural part expanded in Punjab state to meet the developing needs of horticultural division. Both surface and ground water contribute towards water system; however surface water supply being deficient, ground water is the principle wellspring of water system.

Likewise the expanded abuse of ground water is because of development of high water expending crops in many parts of the state. Heightened need of water implies has made an issue of crumbling or declination of water table profundity and higher vitality interest for lifting water because of decrease in water table profundity.


The measurement of tube wells has developed from 6.0 lakh in 1980 to 14.06 lakh in 20151. Up to 1995, the typical fall of water table in Punjab was around 23 cm for each year2 which in the midst of the accompanying 6 years (1997-2003) extended to 53 cm for each year3 and was around 51.5 cm for consistently in the midst of 1998 to 20064 .

Pumps pull water from wells or surface sources. It is critical to investigate the framework correctly in order to make it as profitable and sparing while so far gathering the water framework requirements. Assessed life ranges for the vast majority of the pumps, paying little respect to their sort or kind of well in which it is introduce, ranges from 5 to 30 years.

Agriculturists are confronting an issue in determination of pump sets and its segments due to absence of information about pumping framework. This prompts insufficient utilization of pumps to inundate fields. Wrong determination of pump sets and its parts may prompt disappointment in segments and at some point the entire bore well falls flat which brings about improved cost. In the event that the pump execution determinations are not facilitated with site working conditions, it might prompt outcomes that influence well being, steadfastness, capital cost, operational costs.

Submersible Capacitor pumps a great part of the time requires littler drop pipe than do line shaft pumps since the full region of the pipe is used to convey water to the surface. Over size pumps for the most part brings about wastage of vitality. This out comes in not just increment in the cost of pumping water yet additionally has unfriendly impact on ground water assets. 

While going for under limit pumping unit influences the yield of products on account of non-satisfaction of water system necessity. In the event that the pump is legitimately chosen, kept up and no abnormal conditions happened in pumping, it is very conceivable that the pump and its associated part have longer viable life.

Land Information System (GIS) instrument is used to inspecting spatial information from different orders. It joins, dissect and speak to spatial data and database of any asset, which could be successfully used for asset change masterminding, environmental confirmation and coherent request. GIS have been used for an assortment of groundwater thinks about. Hence, this framework will be valuable for rancher's group in estimation of the required Submersible Capacitor pumping framework.

In the present work a GIS based master framework is proposed to appraise Submersible Capacitor  direct framework for a specific site. The framework gives a proper choice of Submersible Capacitor  pump set and united segments, for example, control link measure, generator limit, ammeter/voltmeter rating, capacitor rating and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe width in view of the spatial data for the province of Punjab.

Materials and strategies

Punjab covers a topographical territory of 5.0362 Mha and reaches out from 29.30oNorth to 32.32o North scopes and 73.55o East to 76.50o East longitudes.

Pumping determination and its unified parts

Required release (Q)

Release required satisfying the water system water request, which relies upon the territory to be flooded, trimming design and groundwater conduct. By knowing the extent of field and water table profundity for water system discharge can be computed. 

Add up to head (h)

The aggregate head is a whole of water table profundity, 20 percent as misfortunes (frictional, pipe curves and fitting misfortunes) and draw down.

Recipe

Estimation of draw down is taken 3 m for a normal water table profundity and general conditions 5. Rise/fall was additionally considered relying on the successful life expectancy of direct in introduce.

Power link wire measurement

Power link wire measurement for required Submersible Capacitor pump is recommended according to determination control for three center level links gave by-Finolex company.

Generator limit

Diesel motor generator set has sufficiently chosen to meet the heap necessities of chose Submersible Capacitor pump.

Tuesday, March 20, 2018

WHY DOES MY MOTOR NEED A CAPACITOR?

The best option if you are replacing a starting capacitor or a start/run capacitor is to match the existing device on your system. 

Capacitor Ratings

Motor Run Capacitors energy ratings are expressed in farads - the amount of electrical power stored in the capacitor, where u f = micro farad (10-6 farads) and is the same as micro farads written in other references.

Capacitors are also rated for the voltage range in which the capacitor can safely operate, such as 220 V or 440 V.

You can substitute capacitors on a cooling system but the substitute capacitor must be able to handle the voltage. For example you can't sub a 110 V-rated capacitor into a 220 V system.

Depending on the application, the micro-farad range of starting capacitors varies according to the motor size. Run capacitors typically range in micro-farads from 1.5 to 50 u f. Start capacitors typically range from 20-30 u f up to 250-300. 

You can also check a Motor Run Capacitors to compare its performance with its micro farad rating by using an ohmmeter. In a working capacitor ohms will build-up and then fall off (when the capacitor discharges).

If you reverse the + and - leads of the DC ohmmeter. leads it will repeat. If you do not see any resistance in the capacitor then it has an internal short and it's shot - you need a new one.

HVAC suppliers sell general-use starting capacitors that are intended for use across a range of electrical motors and motor sizes.

But at least some industry sources make a more careful argument explaining that it's best not to install a significantly over sized starting capacitor on an electric motor.

If the start capacitor is too large for the application, the Motor Run Capacitors can actually mask the developed voltage in the start winding and keep the start capacitor in the circuit continuously.The run-start voltage is suppressed below the trigger voltage of the start device. As a result, the start capacitor remains in the circuit as the motor runs.

A secondary, fail-safe method is necessary to ensure that the start device is ultimately removed from the circuit.

 A start device that fails to remove the start capacitor from the circuit has the potential to cause premature failure of the start winding in the compressor. If the capacitor is never removed from the start winding, premature winding failure could occur. As such, care should be taken when selecting capacitor sizes for an application.

Care should also be taken regarding products that tout a "bigger capacitor is better" approach to compressor starting. SUPCO E-Class devices provide a secondary timing safety device to ensure that the start capacitor is dropped from the circuit in a fail-safe mode.


Motor Run Capacitors





Thursday, March 15, 2018

Manufacturer of APFC Relay


Before proceeding with this page we strongly encourage you to a look at our APFC Relay, which provides valuable information about PSUs and their operation, allowing you to better understand the components we're about to discuss. Our main tools for disassembling PSUs are a Thermaltronics soldering and rework station and a Hakko FR-300 desoldering gun. Finally, for the identification of tiny parts we use an Andonstar HDMI digital microscope.

This platform is an updated version of the one used in FSP's Hydro G 750. There are some component changes, and some circuits are relocated on the PCB in an effort to enhance the HPT750M's performance, though. A half bridge topology is utilized on the primary side, along with an LLC resonant converter. On the secondary side, we find a synchronous design and a couple of DC-DC converters for generating the minor rails. All of the electrolytic filtering caps, along with the ones used by the APFC Relay, are provided by top Japanese manufacturers. The polymer caps come from Teapo, a highly-regarded Taiwanese company.

We only find a couple of small heat sinks on the secondary side, since the +12V FETs are mostly cooled by the PSU's chassis. This is a common technique in modern PSUs. It saves space, allowing for a smaller PCB and more filtering caps for better ripple suppression.

The PCB behind the AC receptacle holds two Y caps, and a single X cap is also connected to it. The EMI filter continues on the main PCB with two more Y caps and an additional X cap, two CM chokes, and an MOV. The filter looks to be complete; however, the platform's conducted EMI noise is higher than we expected.

Inrush-current protection is handled by an NTC thermistor. A bypass APFC Relay allows it to cool down faster.The single bridge rectifier (GBJ2506) can handle up to 25A of current, making it strong enough to support this platform.

Under the PFC choke, on the solder side of the PCB, there's a Power Integrations SEN013DG IC responsible for disconnecting the APFC Relay when the PSU is in standby mode, limiting energy losses.

The APFC converter uses three Toshiba TK20A60W FETs and a single CREE C3D06060A boost diode. A pair of bulk caps is provided by Rubycon, and their combined capacity is 660uF. This might look low for a 750W PSU, but the HPT750M still achieves a pretty high hold-up time.

A small board holds the APFC controller, an Infineon ICE2PCS02 IC. We find one more IC at the front: a Fairchild KA393 dual differential comparator.

A Power Integrations SC1226K serves as the 5VSB circuit's PWM controller, and the FET that regulates the rail is an International Rectifier IRFR1018E. What results is one of the most efficient 5VSB rails we've ever measured.

Two STMicroelectronics STFI26NM60Ns are the main switching FETs. They are driven by a Silicon Labs Si8233BD.

The +12V FETs, four Toshiba TPHR8504PLs, are on the PCB's solder side. Heat generated by them is dissipated through a pad attached to the PSU's enclosure. On top of the PCB, a couple of small heat sinks also help. As you can see in the album above, the TPHR8504PL FETs don't look like ordinary ones since they have eight pins instead of three.

A board right behind the modular APFC Relay the LLC resonant controller, a Champion CM6901.

The electrolytic filtering capacitors come from Chemi-Con's KZE and KY families. We also find a few Rubycon electrolytic caps. They're all rated for 105°C and should last a long time. Although the polymer caps aren't made by a Japanese company, they are manufactured by Teapo, a respected Taiwanese supplier. And since polymer caps last much longer than electrolytic ones at very high temperatures without a problem, we have nothing to complain about. 

A vertical board hosts both DC-DC converters used to generate the minor rails. The common PWM controller is an Anpec APW7159C, and a total of six Infineon BSC0901NS FETs are used by both rails.

Another vertical board houses the protections IC, a SITI PS223. This is one of the few ICs with over-temperature protection support right out of the box.

On the modular PCB's front side, several Teapo polymer caps and a couple of electrolytic Chemi-Con caps filter the rails. A number of bus-bars at the bottom of this board connect it to the main APFC Relay, minimizing the amount of power wasted during transfers, especially under higher loads.

FSP's soldering quality is good, though surely not top-notch. We also found some of those long component leads that we hate to see; they can be the cause of dangerous shorts.

The cooling fan is by Protechnic Electric and its model number is MGA13512XF-A25. This is a fluid dynamic bearing-based fan controlled by a rather loose profile. Output noise should remain pretty low.

Wednesday, March 14, 2018

Importance of Submersible Capacitor


Submersible Capacitor

Submersible capacitor are developed after deeply research and development.Our team has studied  completely   electrical  characteristic of of submersible pump panel and has developed unique capacitors. The capacitors are subjected to extensive and vigorous testing and as a result we are able to give the submersible pump industry capacitors that can be matched by none in terms of quality, durability and reliability.

We have created extended quality of submersible capacitor.All  products are manufactured as per industrial rules and norms.Capacitor are used in :
  • Refrigerator
  • Air conditioner
  • UPS
  • Panels
  • Fan
  • Static phase converter
  • Water pump
  • Cooler
Our organization is engaged in manufacturing and supplying optimum quality Submersible Capacitor that are widely used in for several applications. Our provided Heavy Duty Submersible Capacitors are precisely manufactured using quality tested raw material and modish technology in sync with the predefined industry standards. Available in various types of capacitors are high on demand in the market.

Additionally, our quality controllers rigorously examine these capacitors against, Submersible Capacitor Manufacturer and Suppliers various quality parameters to assure their flawless quality.

Features: 

Anti-corrosive Precise design Rigid structure Specifications: Dielectric Polypropylene Electrode Zinc Alloy Winding Non Inductive Ref. Standard ICE/ISS Electrical Characteristics: Capacitance Tolerance ±5% Rated Voltage 250V AC, 400 V AC 440V AC & 600V AC Dissipation Factor 0.001 Max. typical Value 0.0005 at 1 Khz Test Voltage 2x Rated Voltage Storage Temp. -25ºC to 85ºC


Submersible Capacitor

Monday, March 12, 2018

Conventional APFC Relay


APFC Relay, Power Factor Controller is designed for Automatic / Manual control of external Capacitor Banks in 3 Phase 4 Wire or 3 Phase 3 Wire & Single Phase LT distribution systems to allow the power factor of the installation to be stabilized to the desired value. The controller employs the state of the art micro-controller design for measurement & visualization of various system parameters.

APPLICATION:

In all in-comers of an Electrical Plant

  • Fixed power factor correction for individual load (e.g: Motor, Transformer etc.)
  • Hi-tech Software Parks, Buildings and Shopping Malls

FEATURES:

  • Effective PF Control. Up to 12* capacitor banks controllable
  • Seven segment display for user interface
  • Auto / Manual Operation
  • Wide range of measuring voltage Input
  • Measurement & Display of line parameters like V, I, P, Q, S, Cos Ø
  • Indication of active Capacitor Bank through LEDs
  • Wide range of Programmable parameter including CT ratio, Target
  • Cos Ø value, C/K Ratio, Capacitor Bank switching program, control algorithm etc.
  • Suitable for various wiring scheme
  • Protection & Indication on abnormal condition such as Over /
  • Under Compensation, Over Voltage, Over/Under Current etc.
  • Optional FAN control output based on temperature sensing
  • Field accessible test mode for relay contact check
  • Automatic C/K set-up mode
  • Potential Free Alarm contact on abnormal conditions
  • APFC Relay

BENEFITS:

  • Fully automatic compensation
  • Saving in installation cost of conductors
  • Reduced electric utility Bills & Increased System Capacity
  • Reduction of Power Losses